jdbm.btree
Class BTree<K,V>

java.lang.Object
  jdbm.btree.BTree<K,V>

All Implemented Interfaces:

Externalizable, Serializable

public class BTree<K,V>
extends Object
implements Externalizable

B+Tree persistent indexing data structure. B+Trees are optimized for block-based, random I/O storage because they store multiple keys on one tree node (called BPage). In addition, the leaf nodes directly contain (inline) the values associated with the keys, allowing a single (or sequential) disk read of all the values on the page.

B+Trees are n-airy, yeilding log(N) search cost. They are self-balancing, preventing search performance degradation when the size of the tree grows.

Keys and associated values must be Serializable objects. The user is responsible to supply a serializable Comparator object to be used for the ordering of entries, which are also called Tuple. The B+Tree allows traversing the keys in forward and reverse order using a

This implementation does not directly support duplicate keys, but it is possible to handle duplicates by inlining or referencing an object collection as a value.

There is no limit on key size or value size, but it is recommended to keep both as small as possible to reduce disk I/O. This is especially true for the key size, which impacts all non-leaf BPage objects.

Author:

Alex Boisvert

See Also:

Serialized Form

Field Summary

static int	DEFAULT_SIZE Default page size (number of entries per node)
protected Serializer	keySerializer Serializer used to serialize index keys (optional)
protected AtomicInteger	nbEntries Total number of entries in the BTree
protected int	pageSize Number of entries in each BPage.
protected RecordManager	recordManager Page manager used to persist changes in BPages
protected Serializer	valueSerializer Serializer used to serialize index values (optional)

Constructor Summary

BTree()
No-argument constructor used by serialization.

BTree(RecordManager recman, Comparator<K> comparator)
Create a new persistent BTree, with 16 entries per node.

BTree(RecordManager recman, Comparator<K> comparator, Serializer keySerializer, Serializer valueSerializer)
Create a new persistent BTree, with 16 entries per node.

BTree(RecordManager recman, Comparator<K> comparator, Serializer keySerializer, Serializer valueSerializer, int pageSize)
Create a new persistent BTree with the given number of entries per node.

Method Summary

TupleBrowser<K,V>	browse() Get a browser initially positioned at the beginning of the BTree.
TupleBrowser<K,V>	browse(K key) Get a browser initially positioned just before the given key.
V	find(K key) Find the value associated with the given key.
Tuple<K,V>	findGreaterOrEqual(K key) Find the value associated with the given key, or the entry immediately following this key in the ordered BTree.
Comparator<K>	getComparator()
long	getRecordId() Return the persistent record identifier of the BTree.
Object	insert(K key, V value, boolean replace) Insert an entry in the BTree.
BTree<K,V>	load(RecordManager recman, long recid) Load a persistent BTree.
void	readExternal(ObjectInput in) Implement Externalizable interface.
V	remove(K key) Remove an entry with the given key from the BTree.
void	setPageSize(int pageSize)
void	setValueSerializer(Serializer valueSerializer)
int	size() Return the number of entries (size) of the BTree.
String	toString()
void	writeExternal(ObjectOutput out) Implement Externalizable interface.

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait

Field Detail

DEFAULT_SIZE

public static final int DEFAULT_SIZE

Default page size (number of entries per node)

See Also:

Constant Field Values

recordManager

protected transient RecordManager recordManager

Page manager used to persist changes in BPages

keySerializer

protected Serializer keySerializer

Serializer used to serialize index keys (optional)

valueSerializer

protected Serializer valueSerializer

Serializer used to serialize index values (optional)

pageSize

protected int pageSize

Number of entries in each BPage.

nbEntries

protected AtomicInteger nbEntries

Total number of entries in the BTree

Constructor Detail

BTree

public BTree()

No-argument constructor used by serialization.

BTree

public BTree(RecordManager recman,
             Comparator<K> comparator)
      throws IOException

Create a new persistent BTree, with 16 entries per node.

Parameters:

recman - Record manager used for persistence.

comparator - Comparator used to order index entries

Throws:

IOException

BTree

public BTree(RecordManager recman,
             Comparator<K> comparator,
             Serializer keySerializer,
             Serializer valueSerializer)
      throws IOException

Create a new persistent BTree, with 16 entries per node.

Parameters:

recman - Record manager used for persistence.

keySerializer - Serializer used to serialize index keys (optional)

valueSerializer - Serializer used to serialize index values (optional)

comparator - Comparator used to order index entries

Throws:

IOException

BTree

public BTree(RecordManager recman,
             Comparator<K> comparator,
             Serializer keySerializer,
             Serializer valueSerializer,
             int pageSize)
      throws IOException

Create a new persistent BTree with the given number of entries per node.

Parameters:

recman - Record manager used for persistence.

comparator - Comparator used to order index entries

keySerializer - Serializer used to serialize index keys (optional)

valueSerializer - Serializer used to serialize index values (optional)

pageSize - Number of entries per page (must be even).

Throws:

IOException

Method Detail

setPageSize

public void setPageSize(int pageSize)

load

public BTree<K,V> load(RecordManager recman,
                       long recid)
                throws IOException

Load a persistent BTree.

Parameters:

recman - RecordManager used to store the persistent btree

recid - Record id of the BTree

Throws:

IOException

insert

public Object insert(K key,
                     V value,
                     boolean replace)
              throws IOException

Insert an entry in the BTree.

The BTree cannot store duplicate entries. An existing entry can be replaced using the replace flag. If an entry with the same key already exists in the BTree, its value is returned.

Parameters:

key - Insert key

value - Insert value

replace - Set to true to replace an existing key-value pair.

Returns:

Existing value, if any.

Throws:

IOException

remove

public V remove(K key)
         throws IOException

Remove an entry with the given key from the BTree.

Parameters:

key - Removal key

Returns:

Value associated with the key, or null if no entry with given key existed in the BTree.

Throws:

IOException

find

public V find(K key)
       throws IOException

Find the value associated with the given key.

Parameters:

key - Lookup key.

Returns:

Value associated with the key, or null if not found.

Throws:

IOException

findGreaterOrEqual

public Tuple<K,V> findGreaterOrEqual(K key)
                              throws IOException

Find the value associated with the given key, or the entry immediately following this key in the ordered BTree.

Parameters:

key - Lookup key.

Returns:

Value associated with the key, or a greater entry, or null if no greater entry was found.

Throws:

IOException

browse

public TupleBrowser<K,V> browse()
                         throws IOException

Get a browser initially positioned at the beginning of the BTree.

WARNING: If you make structural modifications to the BTree during browsing, you will get inconsistent browing results.

Returns:

Browser positionned at the beginning of the BTree.

Throws:

IOException

browse

public TupleBrowser<K,V> browse(K key)
                         throws IOException

Get a browser initially positioned just before the given key.

WARNING: If you make structural modifications to the BTree during browsing, you will get inconsistent browsing results.

Parameters:

key - Key used to position the browser. If null, the browser will be positioned after the last entry of the BTree. (Null is considered to be an "infinite" key)

Returns:

Browser positioned just before the given key.

Throws:

IOException

size

public int size()

Return the number of entries (size) of the BTree.

getRecordId

public long getRecordId()

Return the persistent record identifier of the BTree.

readExternal

public void readExternal(ObjectInput in)
                  throws IOException,
                         ClassNotFoundException

Implement Externalizable interface.

Specified by:

readExternal in interface Externalizable

Throws:

IOException

ClassNotFoundException

writeExternal

public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out)
                   throws IOException

Implement Externalizable interface.

Specified by:

writeExternal in interface Externalizable

Throws:

IOException

setValueSerializer

public void setValueSerializer(Serializer valueSerializer)

getComparator

public Comparator<K> getComparator()

Returns:

the comparator

toString

public String toString()

Overrides:

toString in class Object